As people age, the immune system gradually weakens a process known as Immunosenescence often accompanied by chronic low-grade inflammation, or Inflammaging. Emerging research highlights that the oral microbiome, particularly fungi, plays an important role in this process.

A recent study by Pushpa Pandiyan, published in Frontiers in Immunology, reveals how age-related changes in oral microorganisms influence immune health. The findings show that adults over 60 tend to have higher levels of the fungus Candida, which can alter immune system behavior.

Specifically, increased Candida levels are linked to changes in Regulatory T cells (Tregs), which normally help regulate immune responses and prevent excessive inflammation. Although Tregs become more abundant with age, their ability to control inflammation may decline, contributing to immune imbalance.

The study also identified elevated levels of inflammatory markers such as TLR-2 and IL-6 in older adults, further linking oral fungal changes to systemic inflammation. Similar patterns were observed in both healthy older individuals and those living with HIV, suggesting broad implications.

Overall, the research underscores the strong connection between oral health and immune aging. Monitoring oral fungi may become a valuable tool for predicting immune health and identifying risks for chronic inflammation, highlighting the growing importance of the microbiome in supporting healthy aging.

Source: https://case.edu/news/how-fungus-mouth-affecting-immune-health-older-adults