Depression among the elderly is a mood disorder marked by prolonged sadness, loss of interest and energy, as well as changes in sleep patterns and appetite. The condition is often triggered by major life transitions such as retirement, the loss of a spouse, or chronic illness.

According to dr Riati Sri Hartini, SpKJ, MSc, psychiatrist and lecturer at the Faculty of Medicine, IPB University, the family plays a crucial role in preventing and supporting elderly individuals who experience depression.

“Social support from family is highly influential. When emotional and practical support is maintained, the risk of depression can be reduced, even when the elderly face physical decline or financial challenges,” she explained in the IPB Podcast aired on IPB TV’s YouTube channel.

The World Health Organization (2023) classifies elderly individuals as those aged 60 and above. Within this category, ages 60–74 are considered older adults, ages 75–90 are elderly, and those over 90 fall into the “very old” category.

dr Riati noted that the causes of depression in the elderly vary widely, ranging from physical decline and the loss of a spouse or close friends to financial changes after retirement. “Beyond biological factors, social aspects are dominant. Elderly individuals often feel as though they are losing sources of support one by one, which makes them more vulnerable to depression,” she said.

Symptoms of depression in the elderly include persistent low mood, lack of motivation, fatigue, loss of appetite, sleep disturbances, and decreased concentration.

In some cases, the elderly may even have thoughts of ending their lives. “Depressive symptoms in older adults are often subtle, as they are frequently mistaken for physical illness or part of the aging process. That is why families must be more attentive,” dr Riati emphasized.

Depression also directly affects the quality of life of the elderly. It may lead to social withdrawal, loss of enthusiasm for activities, and a higher risk of physical illness or even mortality.

Treatment approaches include both pharmacological interventions, such as antidepressant medication, and non-pharmacological strategies that actively involve the family. Non-pharmacological approaches range from lifestyle adjustments and community engagement to emotional and practical support from loved ones.

Source: Elderly at Risk of Depression? IPB University Psychiatrist Emphasizes Family Support and Sensitivity - IPB University