A team of researchers at the University of Kentucky Sanders-Brown Center on Aging now have a better understanding of how the brain’s support cells communicate with blood vessels a process that goes awry in Alzheimer’s disease.

The study was recently featured on the cover of The Journal of Neuroscience. The cover image was taken by Blaine Weiss, first author on the paper and a graduate student in the Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences in the UK College of Medicine.

The team revealed a critical weak link that may help explain why and how the brain’s energy supply short-circuits in people with Alzheimer’s and related dementias.

“This study pinpoints a crucial breakdown in communication between brain cells and blood vessels in Alzheimer’s,” said Chris Norris, Ph.D., professor of pharmacology and nutritional sciences, associate director at Sanders-Brown and senior author of the study. “It opens the door to new ways of thinking about astrocyte-centric therapies to help restore normal blood flow and metabolic health in the aging brain.”

Norris and the team looked at astrocytes star-shaped support cells that help the brain’s blood vessels deliver energy where it’s needed and that maintain healthy communication between nerve cells. In Alzheimer’s, astrocytes become reactive changing how they function in ways that are still not fully understood.

This study is part of Norris’ larger project called Strategies for Targeting Astrocyte Reactivity in Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias (STAR-ADRD), which is funded by a $20.5 million grant from the National Institute on Aging (NIA) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). This study was also supported by another $1.8 million NIA grant.

Researchers used advanced imaging in a mouse model, combined with a custom analysis program (designed by Weiss), to watch and measure astrocyte activity around blood vessels in real time. Their findings show that, in mice with Alzheimer’s-like changes, astrocytes show hyper-frequent activity that is “out of sync” with each other and with blood vessel activity.

“This means the brain may not get energy when and where it’s needed, contributing to problems with thinking and memory,” said Norris.

source: https://research.uky.edu/news/uk-researchers-uncover-key-brain-cell-communication-breakdown-alzheimers-disease